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    "result": {"data":{"platform":{"reflection":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924","slug":"the-economics-of-nature-positive-villars-rapporteur-report","path":"/perspectives/the-economics-of-nature-positive-villars-rapporteur-report","__typename":"Platform_Reflection","_schema":{"label":"Perspective","pluralLabel":"Perspectives"},"name":"The Economics of Nature Positive: Villars Rapporteur Report ","name_fr":null,"name_de":null,"type":null,"published":"2025-06-13T09:18:30.10","openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_reflection/the-economics-of-nature-positive-villars-rapporteur-report","image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745926135/villars-institute/banner/g-2_image__54402195306_8803836242_k_b1qk4t.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"full":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745926135/villars-institute/banner/g-2_image__54402195306_8803836242_k_b1qk4t.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745926135/villars-institute/banner/g-2_image__54402195306_8803836242_k_b1qk4t.jpg"}}}},"intro":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_intro","plain":"Ecosystem services provide an important portion of the total contribution to human welfare on this planet. Over $33 trillion in ecosystem services are provided annually by the world’s diverse ecosystems. Despite this immense value, natural assets remain largely unaccounted for in corporate and financial decision-making. As biodiversity loss and climate risks escalate, how can we transition to an economic model that recognizes and invests in nature as a vital asset rather than an externality? The following is the rapporteur report of an expert discussion convened under the Chatham House rule. The authors are Villars Fellows. \n","text":"Ecosystem services provide an important portion of the total contribution to human welfare on this planet. Over $33 trillion in ecosystem services are provided annually by the world’s diverse ecosystems. Despite this immense value, natural assets remain largely unaccounted for in corporate and financial decision-making. As biodiversity loss and climate risks escalate, how can we transition to an economic model that recognizes and invests in nature as a vital asset rather than an externality? The following is the rapporteur report of an expert discussion convened under the Chatham House rule. The authors are Villars Fellows. "},"intro_fr":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_intro_fr","plain":"","text":""},"intro_de":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_intro_de","plain":"","text":""},"summary":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_summary","plain":"","text":""},"summary_fr":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_summary_fr","plain":"","text":""},"summary_de":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_summary_de","plain":"","text":""},"title":null,"title_fr":null,"title_de":null,"subtitle":null,"subtitle_fr":null,"subtitle_de":null,"pretitle":null,"pretitle_fr":null,"pretitle_de":null,"content":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_content","plain":"Ideas from the Speakers\nThe session merged a discussion on the economic system with a philosophical reflection on our collective conscience. Three speakers provided innovative ideas on the complex but essential issue of transitioning towards a nature-positive economy. Their goal? Making the economic system beneficial for nature. \nNature positive by 2030 is, unfortunately, an immeasurable global goal. There is hope, however, because it goes hand in hand with the measurable goal of the climate agenda, as outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. But measuring “more nature” is challenging when the baseline is centuries of degradation. Today’s economy not only fails to contribute to the improvement of nature but is also “nature negative”: we harm, and we don’t mind. Or so it seems. Natural capital is treated with the naive and dangerous assumption that it is infinite. \nNonetheless, the speakers proposed two plans that plant a seed of hope. The first expert highlighted that while we do care, what’s missing is a clear plan, and posed the question: How can we design markets that value nature without commodifying its essence? The speaker proposed to package nature's riches of services—forests, wetlands, and biodiversity—into tradable assets. A ton of CO2 is easy, as it becomes a commodity. But how do you assign value to a butterfly? High integrity markets make it difficult. However, the expert expressed confidence in moving away from predominantly project-based markets towards large-scale, jurisdictional approaches, and from private-market governance to primarily public governance. An effective conservation system will need to estimate what would happen without intervention to set a price, supported by regulations that help generate demand. \nThe second expert proposed a fresh idea that emerged during the breaks at the Villars Institute Summit 2024, namely, putting nature on the balance sheet. The expert’s clear plan is first to conduct a natural capital assessment, which entails discovering value based on trusted data. Natural capital accounting then allows quantifying the value to business and society. Fortunately, some progress has already been made, but there is a pressing need to integrate it into our economic system. Natural capital is then finally recognized in financial accounting, integrating it into business and sovereign decisions. The speaker emphasized that this clearly breaches planetary boundaries and stressed that our accounting systems need to catch up with ecological realities, so it’s time for us to change the system. \nThe third expert stated there is not only an economic gap but also a gap in mindset. The purpose of any economic system is to use the ingredients in a more efficient way. To achieve more effective funding, we cannot rely solely on a financial perspective but also need collaboration from the public sector for regulatory issues and local public policies, as well as active involvement from the commercial sector. This will support decision-making by establishing accounting regulations that reflect nature on the balance sheet. Investing in and funding nature will require a fundamental shift in mindset. \nInsights from the Audience\nThe insights and discussions among participants reflected both the complexities and opportunities inherent in transitioning to a nature-positive economy. While the economic case for valuing natural assets is becoming increasingly compelling, significant challenges remain in operationalizing these concepts within existing financial structures. \nA participant requested further elaboration on how to establish universally accepted frameworks that could integrate biodiversity and ecosystem services into economic decision-making. While natural capital accounting is emerging as a potential solution, concerns were raised about the reliability and consistency of data sources, as well as the challenge of creating financial instruments that accurately reflect ecological value over time. \nAnother key insight concerned the role of incentives and market mechanisms. Although the session reflected the consensus that voluntary action alone is insufficient, participants nonetheless debated the most effective ways to catalyze large-scale investments in nature in the near future. A few voiced concern that current mechanisms, such as carbon credits, have struggled with credibility, and questioned whether biodiversity markets would face similar pitfalls. The importance of ensuring transparency, integrity, and long-term investor confidence was stressed as a crucial priority. \nThe audience was cautiously optimistic as the discussion drew to a close. Both participants and panelists inquired about the importance of shifting from theoretical discussions to concrete implementation and paying particular attention to actionable roadmaps that bridge the gap between ecological science and economic strategy. An overarching sentiment emerged: to secure a truly nature-positive future requires a fundamental transformation of financial and corporate systems, one that no longer views nature as  a mere externality, but recognizes it as a core asset essential to long-term prosperity. \n","text":"## Ideas from the Speakers \n\nThe session merged a discussion on the economic system with a philosophical reflection on our collective conscience. Three speakers provided innovative ideas on the complex but essential issue of transitioning towards a nature-positive economy. Their goal? Making the economic system beneficial for nature. \n\nNature positive by 2030 is, unfortunately, an immeasurable global goal. There is hope, however, because it goes hand in hand with the measurable goal of the climate agenda, as outlined in the [Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework](https://www.cbd.int/gbf). But measuring “more nature” is challenging when the baseline is centuries of degradation. Today’s economy not only fails to contribute to the improvement of nature but is also “nature negative”: we harm, and we don’t mind. Or so it seems. Natural capital is treated with the naive and dangerous assumption that it is infinite. \n\nNonetheless, the speakers proposed two plans that plant a seed of hope. The first expert highlighted that while we do care, what’s missing is a clear plan, and posed the question: How can we design markets that value nature without commodifying its essence? The speaker proposed to package nature's riches of services—forests, wetlands, and biodiversity—into tradable assets. A ton of CO2 is easy, as it becomes a commodity. But how do you assign value to a butterfly? High integrity markets make it difficult. However, the expert expressed confidence in moving away from predominantly project-based markets towards large-scale, jurisdictional approaches, and from private-market governance to primarily public governance. An effective conservation system will need to estimate what would happen without intervention to set a price, supported by regulations that help generate demand. \n\nThe second expert proposed a fresh idea that emerged during the breaks at the Villars Institute Summit 2024, namely, putting nature on the balance sheet. The expert’s clear plan is first to conduct a natural capital assessment, which entails discovering value based on trusted data. Natural capital accounting then allows quantifying the value to business and society. Fortunately, some progress has already been made, but there is a pressing need to integrate it into our economic system. Natural capital is then finally recognized in financial accounting, integrating it into business and sovereign decisions. The speaker emphasized that this clearly breaches planetary boundaries and stressed that our accounting systems need to catch up with ecological realities, so it’s time for us to change the system. \n\nThe third expert stated there is not only an economic gap but also a gap in mindset. The purpose of any economic system is to use the ingredients in a more efficient way. To achieve more effective funding, we cannot rely solely on a financial perspective but also need collaboration from the public sector for regulatory issues and local public policies, as well as active involvement from the commercial sector. This will support decision-making by establishing accounting regulations that reflect nature on the balance sheet. Investing in and funding nature will require a fundamental shift in mindset. \n\n## Insights from the Audience \n\nThe insights and discussions among participants reflected both the complexities and opportunities inherent in transitioning to a nature-positive economy. While the economic case for valuing natural assets is becoming increasingly compelling, significant challenges remain in operationalizing these concepts within existing financial structures. \n\nA participant requested further elaboration on how to establish universally accepted frameworks that could integrate biodiversity and ecosystem services into economic decision-making. While natural capital accounting is emerging as a potential solution, concerns were raised about the reliability and consistency of data sources, as well as the challenge of creating financial instruments that accurately reflect ecological value over time. \n\nAnother key insight concerned the role of incentives and market mechanisms. Although the session reflected the consensus that voluntary action alone is insufficient, participants nonetheless debated the most effective ways to catalyze large-scale investments in nature in the near future. A few voiced concern that current mechanisms, such as carbon credits, have struggled with credibility, and questioned whether biodiversity markets would face similar pitfalls. The importance of ensuring transparency, integrity, and long-term investor confidence was stressed as a crucial priority. \n\nThe audience was cautiously optimistic as the discussion drew to a close. Both participants and panelists inquired about the importance of shifting from theoretical discussions to concrete implementation and paying particular attention to actionable roadmaps that bridge the gap between ecological science and economic strategy. An overarching sentiment emerged: to secure a truly nature-positive future requires a fundamental transformation of financial and corporate systems, one that no longer views nature as  a mere externality, but recognizes it as a core asset essential to long-term prosperity. "},"content_fr":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_content_fr","plain":"","text":""},"content_de":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_content_de","plain":"","text":""},"outro":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_outro","plain":"The Authors\nFátima Marraco and Isabela Stefu are Villars Fellows and were assigned as official rapporteurs of the 2025 Villars Institute Summit.\n","text":"### The Authors\nFátima Marraco and Isabela Stefu are Villars Fellows and were assigned as official rapporteurs of the 2025 Villars Institute Summit."},"outro_fr":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_outro_fr","plain":"","text":""},"outro_de":{"id":"6810b88434279d2cbf773924_outro_de","plain":"","text":""},"imageAssets":[],"imageAssets_fr":[],"imageAssets_de":[],"topics":[],"challenges":[{"id":"65d54797d5bcca2bcbc9d99e","name":"Net-Zero Emissions","slug":"net-zero-emissions","__typename":"Platform_Challenge","_schema":{"label":"Theme","pluralLabel":"Themes"},"openGraph":{"id":"openGraph_challenge/net-zero-emissions","image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/banner/theme-net-zero-economy_image__theme-net-zero-economy","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668989840/villars-institute/banner/theme-net-zero-economy_image__theme-net-zero-economy.jpg","url2x":null}}}],"authors":[{"id":"6616a4cbe8b4e558b90f6fe7","name":"Fátima María Marraco","slug":"fatima-maria-marraco","path":"/people/fatima-maria-marraco","__typename":"Platform_Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"organisation":{"id":"65d547d5d5bcca2bcbc9e152","name":"UWC Atlantic College"},"linkedin":null,"role":{"id":"rol_m02v21Sk7a2hKGj7","name":"Fellow","slug":"fellow","__typename":"Platform_UserRole","_schema":{"label":"User Role","pluralLabel":"User Roles"}},"isMember":false,"bio":{"id":"6616a4cbe8b4e558b90f6fe7_bio","text":"Hello! I am Fátima María Marraco, and I am from Buenos Aires, Argentina. My whole life I lived between two completely different towns, with different resources and opportunities; these helped me realise the inequalities that exist in the world and how many of us live being indifferent to the problem. I am interested in Argentinian politics, and following them daily allowed me to understand that there is always a solution to the problems that we have, however, it depends on the authorities not to put their self-interest first in order to make the right decision. Thanks to Argentina’s involvement in the global system, I became more interested in international relations and  how the work of  IGOs, and NGOs can have a huge impact in the life of so many people. \nI would be lying if I said that I am a hundred percent sure of what career I want to follow; nevertheless, I am certain I will aim to help make people’s life better, In order to do these, I would like to get involved in politics (either through the government, or through IGOs and NGOs), to develop projects that will result benefiting both the environment and the politics and economics of the country/ies, which would help in developing a more sustainable future. For example, in Argentina, nowadays, fossil fuel is being exploited. This is not only harmful for the environment, but it is also not advantageous for the economy in the long run. Implementing more restorative energy sources (such as solar panels in the vast territory), would be more sustainable for the country as a whole. I am also interested in projects regarding education, as I believe this is the base for the future. If we can ensure quality, holistic, education that aims to teach children all around the world of the challenges that we face, and encourage them to find solutions, while giving them equal opportunities, I can guarantee that our chances of building a more sustainable and peaceful future will increase greatly. I am thankful to UWC Atlantic college for allowing me to live a transformative and valuable experience everyday, and specially for giving me the opportunity to become a Villars fellow. I look forward to working together to build a better future for all of us.\n","html":"<p>Hello! I am Fátima María Marraco, and I am from Buenos Aires, Argentina. My whole life I lived between two completely different towns, with different resources and opportunities; these helped me realise the inequalities that exist in the world and how many of us live being indifferent to the problem. I am interested in Argentinian politics, and following them daily allowed me to understand that there is always a solution to the problems that we have, however, it depends on the authorities not to put their self-interest first in order to make the right decision. Thanks to Argentina’s involvement in the global system, I became more interested in international relations and  how the work of  IGOs, and NGOs can have a huge impact in the life of so many people. \nI would be lying if I said that I am a hundred percent sure of what career I want to follow; nevertheless, I am certain I will aim to help make people’s life better, In order to do these, I would like to get involved in politics (either through the government, or through IGOs and NGOs), to develop projects that will result benefiting both the environment and the politics and economics of the country/ies, which would help in developing a more sustainable future. For example, in Argentina, nowadays, fossil fuel is being exploited. This is not only harmful for the environment, but it is also not advantageous for the economy in the long run. Implementing more restorative energy sources (such as solar panels in the vast territory), would be more sustainable for the country as a whole. I am also interested in projects regarding education, as I believe this is the base for the future. If we can ensure quality, holistic, education that aims to teach children all around the world of the challenges that we face, and encourage them to find solutions, while giving them equal opportunities, I can guarantee that our chances of building a more sustainable and peaceful future will increase greatly. I am thankful to UWC Atlantic college for allowing me to live a transformative and valuable experience everyday, and specially for giving me the opportunity to become a Villars fellow. I look forward to working together to build a better future for all of us.</p>\n"},"websiteUrl":null,"photo":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/fatima-maria-marraco_photo__villars-6_2_alujfj","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1719145832/villars-institute/person/fatima-maria-marraco_photo__villars-6_2_alujfj.jpg","url2x":null},"positions":[{"id":"6630b77144301a2dc7778ab9","primary":null,"positions":[{"id":"65d54818d5bcca2bcbc9f1b3","name":"Fellow","name_fr":null,"name_de":null}],"organisation":{"id":"65d547d5d5bcca2bcbc9e152","name":"UWC Atlantic College"}}]},{"id":"6616917ce8b4e558b90f6292","name":"Isabela Stefu","slug":"isabela-stefu","path":"/people/isabela-stefu","__typename":"Platform_Person","_schema":{"label":"Person","pluralLabel":"People"},"organisation":{"id":"65d547d5d5bcca2bcbc9e018","name":"International School of Berne"},"linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/isabela-stefu-37b916294_villarsinstitute-intergenerational-activity-7309287671829311489-ULGy/","role":{"id":"rol_m02v21Sk7a2hKGj7","name":"Fellow","slug":"fellow","__typename":"Platform_UserRole","_schema":{"label":"User Role","pluralLabel":"User Roles"}},"isMember":true,"bio":{"id":"6616917ce8b4e558b90f6292_bio","text":"International School of Berne Graduate with a strong commitment to global engagement and social impact. Part of the 2024 Villars Cohort, and Villars Rapporteur for the 2025 Summit. Active member in the World Economic Forum’s Global Shapers Community, fostering collaboration on initiatives that drive meaningful change locally through collaborative projects. Youth Ambassador for the HundrED Organization, in partnership with Festival of Hope and the International Baccalaureate. 3-Year Leader of previous instituiton's Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) club, reflecting a commitment to nurturing a more inclusive and welcoming academic community.","html":"<p>International School of Berne Graduate with a strong commitment to global engagement and social impact. Part of the 2024 Villars Cohort, and Villars Rapporteur for the 2025 Summit. Active member in the World Economic Forum’s Global Shapers Community, fostering collaboration on initiatives that drive meaningful change locally through collaborative projects. Youth Ambassador for the HundrED Organization, in partnership with Festival of Hope and the International Baccalaureate. 3-Year Leader of previous instituiton&#39;s Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) club, reflecting a commitment to nurturing a more inclusive and welcoming academic community.</p>\n"},"websiteUrl":null,"photo":{"id":"image_villars-institute/person/isabela-stefu_photo__me_tqici0","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1741291165/villars-institute/person/isabela-stefu_photo__me_tqici0.jpg","url2x":null},"positions":[{"id":"6630b96c44301a2dc7778b55","primary":null,"positions":[{"id":"65d54818d5bcca2bcbc9f1b3","name":"Fellow","name_fr":null,"name_de":null}],"organisation":{"id":"65d547d5d5bcca2bcbc9e018","name":"International School of Berne"}}]}],"embeds":{"citations":[],"pages":[],"people":[],"imageAssets":[]},"banners":[{"id":"6810b7fb34279d2cbf773921","name":"g","slug":"g-2","title":null,"description":{"id":"6810b7fb34279d2cbf773921_description","text":""},"alternateText":null,"image":{"id":"image_villars-institute/banner/g-2_image__54402195306_8803836242_k_b1qk4t","url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1745926135/villars-institute/banner/g-2_image__54402195306_8803836242_k_b1qk4t.jpg","url2x":null,"width":2048,"height":1152}}]}}},"pageContext":{"lang":{"id":"65d547c4d5bcca2bcbc9de0e","name":"English","slug":"english","iso":"en","locale":"en_US","path":"","label":"English Version","menuLabel":null},"availableEntities":["Event","Page","Post","Reflections","Video","Topic","Challenge","FeedEntry","Reflection"],"detailEntities":["Event","Page","Post","Reflections"],"site":{"id":"65d5482fd5bcca2bcbc9f460","slug":"villars-institute","name":"Villars Institute","url":"https://villarsinstitute.org","title":"Villars Institute","twitter":"https://twitter.com/VillarsIdeas","threads":null,"facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/villarsinstitute","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-villars-institute/","instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/villarsinstitute/","flickr":"https://www.flickr.com/people/195926075@N05/","tiktok":"https://www.tiktok.com/@villarsinstitute","youtube":null,"ownerName":"Villars Institute","recaptchaKey":null,"googleSiteVerification":null,"platformName":"The Villars Institute Community Platform","platformUrl":"https://community.villarsinstitute.org","supportEmail":null,"contactEmail":null,"mainMenu":null,"linearMenu":null,"entityViews":[],"entityAppViews":[],"entityOnboardingViews":[],"gptLanguages":[],"gptQuestionTemplate":null,"advertisements":[],"logoVerticalOffset":null,"logoHorizontalOffset":null,"logoVerticalOffsetMobile":null,"logoHorizontalOffsetMobile":null,"logoVerticalOffsetTablet":null,"logoHorizontalOffsetTablet":null,"logoVerticalOffsetDesktop":null,"logoHorizontalOffsetDesktop":null,"logoHeightMobile":null,"logoHeightTablet":null,"logoHeightDesktop":null,"headerHeightMobile":null,"headerHeightTablet":null,"headerHeightDesktop":null,"logo":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1684212572/villars/site/villars-institute_logo__logo_yvxhem.png.png","type":"image/png","width":818,"height":237},"logoInverted":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1684212589/villars/site/villars-institute_logoInverted__villars-logo-inverted_wvewwl.png.png","type":"image/png","width":708,"height":207},"footerMenu":null,"footerSecondaryMenu":null,"footerContent":{"text":""},"creator":null,"poweredBy":{"id":"65d547d5d5bcca2bcbc9e0d0","name":"Shapeable","slug":"shapeable","url":"https://shapeable.ai","logo":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1684216592/villars/organisation/shapeable_logo__shapeable-logo_yd2tkk.png.png","type":"image/png","width":612,"height":186},"logoInverted":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1684216599/villars/organisation/shapeable_logoInverted__shapeable-logo-inverted_mltax4.png.png","type":"image/png","width":612,"height":186},"logoSubtle":null},"poweredByLabel":null,"poweredByContent":{"text":""},"explorerPage":null,"termsPage":{"name":"Terms Of Use","title":null,"slug":"terms-of-use","path":"/terms-of-use"},"homePage":{"name":"Home","title":"lead. change.","slug":"home-1","path":"/"},"knowledgeHubPage":{"name":"Knowledge  Hub","title":null,"slug":"knowledge-hub","path":"/knowledge-hub"},"privacyPolicyPage":{"name":"Privacy Policy","title":null,"slug":"privacy-policy","path":"/privacy-policy"},"summary":{"text":"The Villars Institute was established in 2022 as a nonprofit foundation to accelerate the transition to a net zero economy and to restore the health of the planet for all of its inhabitants. 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